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Hindawi Publishing Corporation is a commercial publisher of scientific, technical, and medical (STM) literature. Founded in 1997, Hindawi currently publishes more than 400 peer-reviewed open access scientific journals as well as a number of scholarly monographs, with an annual output reaching 22,000 articles in 2012. , 11% of the journals were indexed in the Science Citation Index Expanded.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hindawi Publishing Corporation - Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) )〕 The company has its headquarters in Cairo and an office in New York. By mid-2007, all of Hindawi's journals were open access and published under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hindawi Publishing Corporation - Open Access Memberships )〕 Hindawi has been criticized for some of its editorial practices – including that its journals have editorial boards in lieu of editors-in-chief – and for its use of email spam in soliciting editorial board memberships and manuscripts. ==History== Hindawi Publishing Corporation was founded in 1997 in Cairo by Ahmed Hindawi and his wife Nagwa Abdel-Mottaleb. The company's first journal was the ''International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences'', which it acquired from a prior publisher. By 2006 Hindawi Publishing owned 48 journals and had about 220 employees, and published journals in the physical and life sciences and medical research.〔 By 2007, Hindawi was publishing around 100 journals, 21 of which were ISI listed, and claimed to be second largest publisher in PubMed Central, an open access journal repository. The company had a 40% article acceptance rate. Article publication fees averaged $800, varying by journal and page count, being significantly less than prices charged by major open access competitors including BioMed Central and the Public Library of Science. Between 2009 and 2011, the number of Hindawi journals nearly doubled, and Hindawi’s output increased from 2,500 to 13,000 articles per year. By 2011, Hindawi was publishing 300 journals, and had a staff of over 450 people. The growth of the company has come from publishing new start-up journals, as well as acquisitions of established journals〔 such as ''Psyche'', an entomological journal founded in 1874.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://eciton.org/pysche )〕 Two major factors facilitating the company's growth have been the low labor costs and well-educated middle class of Cairo.〔 By 2013, Hindawi had 442 different journals,〔 although Hindawi's list includes 434 journals. In In 2012 Hindawi published 22,000 articles.〔 In 2010, a subset of Hindawi journals were included in a list of suspected predatory open access publishers by Jeffrey Beall; however Beall later removed Hindawi from his list after re-evaluating the company, calling it a "borderline case." Beall has also criticized Hindawi for representing the offshoring of scholarly publishing,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hindawi’s Profit Margin is Higher than Elsevier’s - Scholarly Open Access )〕 a view which has been called neocolonialist. Three Hindawi journals have faced delisting from the ''Journal Citation Reports'' for anomalous citation patterns, particularly self-citations and citation stacking. The three include ''The Scientific World Journal'', although the problems with this journal occurred partly before Hindawi acquired the journal.〔 Open access journalist Richard Poynder considers this incident anomalous itself,〔 and ''Retraction Watch'' has noted that Hindawi's sanctions for authors who manipulate citations - including 3 year bans of author submissions - are stricter than those of many other journals. Two of its journals (Chemotherapy Research and Practice and ISRN Oncology) were targeted in the ''Who's Afraid of Peer Review?'' sting operation and rejected the fake paper.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Who's Afraid of Peer Review? )〕 In 2015, after an internal investigation, Hindawi flagged 32 published papers for re-review due to three editors subverting the peer review process with fake email accounts〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://retractionwatch.com/2015/07/08/30-papers-flagged-because-editors-may-have-subverted-the-peer-review-process-with-fake-accounts/ )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hindawi Publishing Corporation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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